After the Pericles age Greek city states declined due to intra-states wars.This disunity paved the way to King Philip of Macedonia who attacked on Greece and without Sparta captured all states. He organized a well trained army in Greece and made a plot to attack on Persia but before he could execute this plan he assassinated .
His twenty years old son Alexander succeeded him . He had a well disciplined army . In start people of Greece started revolt but he mercilessly put down the revolt and destroyed them. He extended to Persians and smashed them bitterly . In Persia he got the title “Sikandar” which means “warrior”.After Persia he conquered Egypt and established a city in the mouth of river Nile named as “Alexanderia”. He entered into Asia through its northwest part and conquered many areas.King Ambhi of Taxila surrendered due to his fear and helped him to attack on kingdom of Porus which was situated between Jhelum and Chenab. He provided the great resistance to Alexander’s army but later on defeated . Porus was taken captive and Alexander asked him how he should be treated . Porus replied he should be treated as one king treats another. Alexander impressed with his personality and asked him to continue his kingdom. Alexander wanted to go forward but his army felt homesickness that’s why he marched back towards home .He was also got sickness and for a short time stayed in Multan . He died in Susa Babylonia. His contributions are remarkable because he intermixed the cultures of east and west and paved the way to trade between Asian and western countries .He established Hellenistic civilization . In Alexandria he made a museum and library and it became commercial center for trade . Geography (Eratosthenes geographer)and science ( Archimedes) flourished. Famous building was light house Alexandria rising to height of 400feet . Philosophers like Cynics, Stoics and Diogenes worked in that age . After Alexander Hellenistic divided into three parts containing Asia , Egypt and Greece along with Macedonia.
Ahmad Hayat
BZU Multan
Comments
Post a Comment