Greece had been quite substantial to making of what we now call as European culture in 2500-1400B.C.Basically it is land of great peninsula with small islands and separated from the Asia Minor through Aegean Sea.Basically it is land of crisscross mountains making different valleys.Due to separate valleys it is difficult to unite Greece as one unit so it is divided into various states mainly Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes.In Sparta monarchy was a form of government while Athenian followed democracy using Draco laws(enslaved farmers)and Solon laws(liberated enslaved farmers).
Persian always dreamed out to attack Greece states with the help of Italy and Sisley. Cyrus the Great of Persia defeated richest king of the world Croesus of Lydia and by expansion captured the Greece states of Asia minor but later on Ionian of Greece revolted against Persian but Darius 1 the successor of Cyrus smashed all revolts.Persian again sent large army to take Athens but defeated with the loss of 600 soldiers .Xerxes the follower of Darius attacked on Sparta in the battle of thermopylae and defeated King Leonidas and burnt the whole city. Soon after it Athenian in the battle of Salamis destroyed the Persian fleet . Asian minor states got freedom and glory of Greece started after it.
Age of
Pericles the grandson of Clesthenes was the golden era of Athens.He laid the foundation of democracy and developed jury system. His architectural example is Parthenon on the Acropolis a praiseworthy temple.
In this age (469..399B.C)father of philosophy “Socrates”born in Athens. He stated that one should never accept anything without logic and reason that’s why he faced religious enmity and later on he executed. His pupil was Plato who wrote republic his masterpiece in which he mentioned how the ideal state ought to be.Plato’s student wast Aristotle later on considered one of the greatest philosophers.
In Greek literature Homer was on of the greatest poet. His work Iliad and Odyssey was a part of Greek heritage. For the amusement they arranged Olympics games every year for their Gods and goddes . Athletes from different regions participated passionately. Government gave them prizes and encouraged their sportsmanship.In 336 B.C Alexander the Great took the charge of Greece.
Ahmad Hayat
BZU Multan
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