Renaissance is a French term which means “Rebirth “. Why rebirth started in the Europe is a question.Brief answer to big question is that transition period in the Europe started when Roman Empire ended and Constantinople captured by the Turks. All scholars(Greeks of Byzantine)fled into Europe and that’s why due to their influence humanist movement started .Humanist movement is actually the increase in curiosity of the Europeans in science and arts .
Renaissance started from Italy and rapidly spread into the whole Europe .In Italy scholars like Dante, Patriarch and Boccaccio were supportive to the humanist movement than religion. Dante is also called the father of Italian poetry and the patriarch is called first modern man who revolted against scholasticism. Boccaccio was his disciple who also contributed in transition of Europe.
In this period Niccolo Machiavelli wrote “The Prince “ due to political instability of Italy to give awareness to the rulers that’s how he can rule the state for a long time .Still Machiavelli ideas influence the minds of people.
Art and sculpture of that era contain Florentine school of art in Italy which flourished arts in Florence due to three famous artists. First is Leonardo da Vinci whose masterpieces are Monalisa and The Last Supper .Second is Michelangelo whose famous work is The Last Judgement. The third is Raphael and his Painting Madonnas earned the name.Same like this in Venice famous painter was the Titian who made more than seven hundred paintings.
In sculpture Lorenzo Ghiberti and Lorenzo de Medici were good names. Saints Peter’s church in Rome was designed by Michelangelo which rises to the height of more than 400 feet and hold a mass of 80000 people.Architecture in US was introduced by Thomas Jefferson in designing his home .Palestrina of Italy is called father of modern musics because he composed about 100 masses.
Northern Europe also faced transition period. In England Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales , Utopia of Sir Thomas More for the creation of an ideal state , Francis Bacon with his essays ,Edmund Spenser with his Faerie Queene,Christopher with Dr Faustus and Ben Johnson with Volpone contributed to the transition of Northern Europe . William Shakespeare and John Milton are also important figures .In Germany Martin Luther was leading to the reformation movement and translated the Holy Bible into Germany.
Above mentioned personalities and their works were the main apparatus who led the Europe into transition period.
Ahmad Hayat
BZU Multan
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